ACTH for Horses: Uses, Benefits, and Best Practices

When it comes to equine health, early diagnosis and proactive care are key to ensuring long-term performance and well-being. One diagnostic tool gaining popularity in the veterinary world is ACTH testing—a process that involves administering adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to horses. But why is ACTH important, and what benefits does it offer? Let’s break it down.

What Is ACTH and Why Is It Used in Horses?

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pituitary gland. In equine medicine, synthetic ACTH is used primarily to diagnose and monitor Equine Cushing’s Disease, also known as Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID).

When a horse receives an injection of synthetic ACTH, it stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. By measuring the cortisol response, veterinarians can determine whether the horse’s pituitary gland is functioning normally.

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Key Benefits of ACTH Testing in Horses

1. Early Diagnosis of PPID (Equine Cushing’s Disease)

One of the most important reasons for administering ACTH to horses is to test for PPID, a common endocrine disorder in aging horses. Early symptoms of PPID can be subtle—such as delayed shedding, lethargy, or increased water intake. An ACTH stimulation test helps detect the disease in its early stages, allowing for timely treatment and improved quality of life.

2. Monitoring Disease Progression

For horses already diagnosed with PPID, regular ACTH testing allows veterinarians to monitor how the disease is progressing and adjust treatment protocols accordingly. This ensures that the horse remains comfortable and active for as long as possible.

3. Tailored Treatment Plans

ACTH testing helps veterinarians customize medication dosages—especially when using drugs like pergolide mesylate (Prascend®)—based on how the horse’s adrenal system is functioning. This personalized approach minimizes side effects and maximizes effectiveness.

4. Improved Laminitis Management

PPID is a significant risk factor for laminitis, a painful and often career-ending hoof condition. ACTH testing allows for proactive management, reducing the chances of flare-ups through early intervention and diet regulation.

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When Should ACTH Be Given?

Ideal testing period: The fall months (September to November) are considered the best time for testing, as ACTH levels naturally rise, making abnormal results easier to detect.

Age group: Horses over 15 years of age should be tested annually, especially if showing signs of hormonal imbalance.

Horses with metabolic concerns: Equines that suffer from Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) may also benefit from ACTH testing, as there is often overlap between EMS and PPID.

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How Is ACTH Administered?

The process involves a simple intravenous injection of synthetic ACTH, followed by blood sampling at specific intervals—usually within 30 to 60 minutes post-injection. The entire procedure is relatively quick and minimally stressful for the horse.

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Is ACTH Safe for Horses?

Yes, synthetic ACTH used for testing is considered safe and well-tolerated in horses when administered by a qualified veterinarian. It has minimal side effects and provides invaluable diagnostic insight.

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