Understanding ACTH in Horses: What Every Horse Owner Should Know

If you're a horse owner, you've probably heard your vet mention ACTH at some point—especially if your horse is getting older. But what exactly is ACTH, and why is it important to monitor it?

What is ACTH?

ACTH stands for Adrenocorticotropic Hormone. It’s a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain. In horses, ACTH plays a key role in stimulating the adrenal glands to release cortisol—the “stress hormone.”

Cortisol is essential for many bodily functions, including regulating metabolism, immune response, and helping the body respond to stress. But when cortisol levels are too high for too long, it can cause serious problems—especially in horses.

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ACTH and Equine Cushing’s Disease (PPID)

One of the most common reasons a vet might test ACTH levels in a horse is to screen for Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID), more commonly known as Equine Cushing’s Disease.

PPID is a chronic, progressive condition that typically affects older horses (usually over 15 years old). In horses with PPID, the pituitary gland becomes overactive and produces too much ACTH, which in turn leads to excessive cortisol production.

Symptoms of PPID can include:

Long, curly coat that doesn’t shed properly

Loss of topline muscle

Increased drinking and urination

Lethargy

Laminitis (a serious and painful hoof condition)

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Why ACTH Testing Matters

Measuring ACTH levels helps vets diagnose PPID early—sometimes even before the obvious signs appear. Early diagnosis allows for earlier management, which can significantly improve your horse’s quality of life.

ACTH levels naturally fluctuate throughout the year, especially in the fall, which is why timing matters. Many vets use seasonal reference ranges to interpret ACTH results correctly.

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Managing High ACTH

If your horse is diagnosed with PPID, your vet might prescribe pergolide (commonly sold under the brand name Prascend). It helps regulate ACTH production and manage symptoms. Other key strategies include:

Regular hoof care

A low-sugar, low-starch diet

Consistent dental checks and deworming

Monitoring for signs of laminitis

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Final Thoughts

Regular ACTH testing is a valuable tool in maintaining your horse’s long-term health—especially as they age. Catching elevated levels early can mean the difference between managing a condition or reacting to a crisis. If you notice subtle changes in your horse’s behavior, coat, or energy levels, talk to your vet about testing ACTH.

After all, a little hormone check could go a long way in keeping your horse happy, sound, and comfortable for years to come.

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