Pentosan for Horses: What It Is, How It Works, and When to Use It

Lameness, stiffness, and reduced performance are common challenges in horses—especially as they age or work harder. One treatment that has gained popularity in equine management is pentosan polysulfate sodium, commonly referred to simply as pentosan. But what exactly is pentosan, and when is it appropriate for horses?

This blog breaks down the benefits, uses, and considerations of pentosan therapy in horses.

What Is Pentosan?

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD). Unlike painkillers that only mask discomfort, pentosan works at the joint level to support cartilage health and joint function.

Originally developed for human medicine, pentosan has been widely adopted in veterinary practice, particularly for horses and dogs suffering from joint-related conditions.

How Pentosan Works in Horses

Pentosan supports joint health through several mechanisms:

Stimulates cartilage repair by encouraging chondrocytes (cartilage cells) to produce healthy cartilage

Improves joint lubrication by increasing synovial fluid quality

Reduces inflammation within the joint

Inhibits cartilage breakdown enzymes, helping slow disease progression

Improves blood flow to joint tissues, supporting healing

Because of these effects, pentosan is often described as a joint protector rather than just a pain reliever.

Common Uses of Pentosan in Horses

Pentosan is most commonly used for:

Osteoarthritis (DJD)

Joint stiffness and reduced mobility

Performance horses under regular training stress

Older horses with age-related joint degeneration

Post-injury joint support

It is frequently used in disciplines such as dressage, show jumping, eventing, racing, and endurance riding.

Administration and Dosage

Pentosan is typically administered as an intravenous or articular injection, though dosing protocols may vary depending on veterinary advice.

A common protocol includes:

One injection per week for 4 weeks (loading dose)

Followed by maintenance injections every 4–6 weeks if needed

Always follow your veterinarian’s recommendations, as dosage and frequency depend on the horse’s size, workload, and condition.

Benefits of Pentosan Therapy

Horse owners and veterinarians often report:

Improved freedom of movement

Reduced joint stiffness

Better performance and willingness to work

Slower progression of joint disease

One of pentosan’s advantages is that it can often be used early in joint disease, potentially delaying the need for stronger interventions like corticosteroid injections.

Safety and Side Effects

Pentosan is generally considered safe and well-tolerated when used correctly. However, because it has mild blood-thinning properties, it should be used cautiously in horses with:

Bleeding disorders

Active ulcers or recent surgery

Possible side effects (rare) may include:

Injection site swelling

Mild lethargy

Temporary digestive upset

Always inform your veterinarian of any other medications your horse is receiving.

Pentosan vs. Other Joint Treatments

Compared to other joint therapies:

NSAIDs (like phenylbutazone) reduce pain but don’t protect cartilage long-term

Steroid joint injections are powerful but may accelerate cartilage wear if overused

Oral supplements vary in absorption and effectiveness

Pentosan stands out as a preventative and disease-modifying option, especially when used early or as part of a long-term joint care plan.

Is Pentosan Right for Your Horse?

Pentosan may be a good option if your horse:

Shows early signs of joint stiffness

Is in regular training or competition

Is aging but still active

Needs joint support without daily pain medication

A veterinary assessment is essential to confirm diagnosis and create a tailored treatment plan.

Final Thoughts

Pentosan has become a trusted tool in equine joint management due to its ability to support joint health, reduce inflammation, and improve mobility. While it’s not a cure for arthritis, it can significantly enhance comfort and performance when used appropriately.

If you’re considering pentosan for your horse, consult your veterinarian to determine whether it fits into your horse’s overall health and performance strategy.

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